In the supported projects is underway to increase the efficiency further, and the costs through more efficient production and use of new process steps - such as lasers and automation technologies - to reduce further. The use of material is expected to decrease by efficiency measures and new material including combinations. Moreover, the lifetime of the components of photovoltaic systems can be increased.
The Federal Government has launched the 2010 "innovation alliance Photovoltaics", which focuses on strengthening cooperation within the supply chains and between equipment and photovoltaic industry. The goal is to reduce production costs continuously and at the same time to maintain international competitiveness. For this particularly important: results that are already implemented at the laboratory level, should find its way into production.
In 2010, the BMU research projects in the PV field nearly 40 million € has re-approved. The budget for renewable energy increases in total and this year are over 128 million euros planned for 2013 is to increase to over € 148 million planned.
Research is making solar power cheaper
The global photovoltaic market has grown dynamically in recent years. In 2005, still produces 1.8 GW, 2010, there are already 17 to 20 GW. As dynamic development of PV technology is lost. Result is a significant economy of scale: 2005 records the cost of electricity from photovoltaics in Germany nor in 0.50 to 0.60 € / kWh, which was then projected level for 2010 of around € 0.30 € / kWh in 2010 actually achieved .
Experts expect that this trend will continue with further intensive research and development in the next one to two decades. 2010 is already a system price of around 3,000 € / kW was achieved. Long-term goal for the year is an entirely realistic Systempreisvon under 1,000 € / kW, a current price of less than 10 cents / kWh allows. Significant cost reductions are the basis for economic and efficient development of photovoltaics.
The photovoltaic in Germany has a considerable potential for expansion. The "National Action Plan for Renewable Energies" of the federal government from 2010 to 2020 predicts an installed capacity of 51.7 GW, which corresponds to a power generation of 41.4 TWh. Decisive influence on the development will also have EEG amended by 1.1.2012. Since 2005, the turnover of the PV industry in Germany has more than tripled. Also, the global potential is enormous, the International Energy Agency expects world from 2030 an annual newly installed capacity of about 100 GW.
Concentrating photovoltaic cells and other new concepts
With a system efficiency of 25% of the concentrating photovoltaic situated in areas with high direct solar radiation is an interesting alternative dar. With this technology, German research institutes, cell manufacturers and system vendors already achieved a high level of development. For example, could GaAsP / GaInP / Ge Tripelsolarzellen with an efficiency of over 40% are produced.
An important role in research continue to play innovative cell concepts such as organic solar cells and dye cells. In particular, it can be harnessed to transferability in an industrial production scale, an energy-relevant life and the environment.
Thin film solar cells to fetch
The focus of future research on thin-film technologies is seen in manufacturing techniques. This higher process yields and longer investment periods are considered essential. Very interesting is also the approach to deposit thin-film cells cost roll-to-roll process on flexible substrates. In addition, the retention rates increased, the material and energy consumption can be reduced.
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